Memphis – The First Capital of Ancient Egypt
Located on the west bank of the Nile, in the heart of Egypt’s fertile floodplain, Memphis was the first capital of ancient Egypt and one of the most influential cities in history. Founded around 3000 BC by King Menes (Narmer), the unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt, Memphis served as the administrative and political center of the country for centuries.
The importance of Memphis is reflected in its vast archaeological landscape. The city and its necropolis extend across world-famous sites including Abu Rawash, the Giza Plateau with its Three Great Pyramids, Zawyet El-Aryan, Abu Ghurab, Abusir, Saqqara, Mit Rahina, and Dahshur. In 1979, UNESCO recognized this extraordinary area as a World Heritage Site.
Memphis was a major religious and cultural center, home to significant monuments such as the Sun Temples of Abu Ghurab and Abusir, the Temple of Apis, the Serapeum, and the Heb-Sed Festival structures in Saqqara. As the seat of royal power for over eight dynasties, the city also included royal palaces, workshops, shipyards, and residential quarters.
The surrounding Memphite Necropolis preserves the evolution of royal tombs from mastabas to pyramids and contains more than 38 pyramids, including the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the only surviving wonder of the ancient world, along with the Great Sphinx.
With Narmer Tours, exploring Memphis is a journey to the origins of ancient Egyptian civilization, where monumental architecture, religion, and royal power first came together.
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